Language and Grammar

  Fantasy does not represent the world we are living in. Fantasy is a kind of writing that creates a set of unique characters, and a pattern of world completely different from the real one. It builds an imagined world of its own, and develops such events which are impossible to occur in our real world. Magic is one of the key elements of fantasy. S orcery, witchcraft and enchantment play a vital role in the fantastical world. Magic refers to such occurrences in the story that cannot happen in the real world. In other words, anything that is not based on logic, facts or real world evidences is called magic. This article aims at exploring the elements of fantasy with reference to the story 'Down the rabbit hole', the first chapter of Lewis Carroll’s novel,  Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Overview Alice feels sleepy getting bored by the book her older sister reads to her. For her the book is of no use because it does not have any pictures and conversations. Suddenly, a W...

  Summary Tabarrok   raises the issue of shortage of human organs for transplants in the United States, and proposes a solution i.e. payment to the living donors. He gives the example of   Singapore, Iran and Israel   to support his idea of organ purchase from the donors. Tabarrok states that a large number of people suffer from kidney disease in the world. In the United Stats, While 83,000 people were   waiting on the official kidney-transplant list, only 16,500 people received a kidney transplant in 2008. And nearly 5,000 died waiting for the transplant. To deal with the shortages, surgeons adopt several methods. Perhaps the most extreme method is the routine removal. It is an act of removing pieces of tissue from dead patients for transplant without any prior consent. Similarly medical doctors in some states of America while conducting autopsies may harvest corneas without notifying the family of the deceased one. This practice looks controversial though ...

  a.     Literature represents life. A literary work presents the picture of human activities related with society, culture, politics, ecology, economy and so on. All literary genres including drama, fiction and poetry develop from social background. The world of a literary text looks like the world we are living in. The struggle of the characters in a story is not different from our own struggle here in real life. Like the real human beings, the characters in a drama feel happy in union and feel sad in separation. Literature can never escape the world- it takes its form based on the real world and human activities. Since literature imitates the happenings of the world and human life, it is regarded as the reflection of society.   Literature is the history of the common people. It speaks of the stories of the ordinary ones. For example, a novel portrays the life of a farmer living in a remote village. It describes his or her hardships and view toward socio econom...

  The Renaissance is a cultural movement that started in Italy in the 14th century, and spread to the other European countries during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Renaissance marks the ending of the medieval era and beginning of the modern age. The meaning of the word 'renaissance' is rebirth. It is the revival of classical Greek and Roman civilization based on humanism, free thinking, democratic norms and values, etc. Renaissance freed human beings from the grip of theological medieval era and opened a new world where people were not enslaved by dogmatism, but guided by rationalism. The movement did not begin overnight. However, many scholars believe that it began in 1453 after Turks captured Constantinople. The Greek scholars left the city for different European states where they spread the new thinking and enlightened the people with the new knowledge characterized by a sense of inquiry. The event accelerated the movement though the spirit of renaissance had been gradual...

  Parijat (1937-1993), one of the greatest women writers of Nepal, was born in the hills of Darjeeling. She has written several novels, stories, essays and poems. Her most celebrated publication is Shiris Ko Phool  (The Blue Mimosa), which has received both national and international recognition. In 1965, this novel was awarded Madan Puraskar, the highest literary honour of Nepal. Similarly it got international acclaim after some foreign colleges and universities adopted it in their literature curriculum. Parijat raises women's voice in her works. She has clearly expressed her views against gender discrimination practiced in a patriarchial society.

  Lain Singh Bangdel (1919-2002), is a renowned painter, novelist and art historian of Nepal. As a forerunner of the modern art movement in Nepal, he introduced the modern trends of western art into Nepalese art. As a novelist, he contributed to Nepali literature through the realistic descriptions of oppressed people. As an art historian, Bangdel worked hard in order to preserve and promote the ancient arts and sculptures of Kathmandu Valley. His most popular book "Stolen Images of Nepal' has documented 300 missing religious artworks from Kathmandu. A true Renaissance Man of Nepal, Bangdel has contributed a lot to the exploration, preservation and development of Nepalese art and literature.

  Summary Meghan Daum begins the essay with her personal definition of being famous. For her famous people are known to all and they are easily recognized in the street. But she is amazed to know that people she has never heard of are celebrities today. She offers example of some famous people like Bill Clinton, Meryl Streep, and Sting. Ordinary people like her are interested in the lifestyles of famous people. They would feel very happy and could not help sharing with their friends if they saw a famous person buying things in supermarket. But Celebrities are not normal people. Celebrities do not go to supermarkets themselves. They do not buy their own things. They have their assistants do it for them. Nowadays anyone can easily be in the limelight- no one can guess about the appearance of celebrities in media. Daum develops the reverse indifference toward the celebrities of modern times. She states that people gradually tend to accept something unpleasant, but she never develops...

  Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece Mona Lisa , is famous for its enigmatic smile. The smile seems to be responding to our gaze. We feel like she is smiling back. And we wonder what she is thinking. Her mysterious smile and compelling presence help the viewers establish an emotional engagement with her. Unlike other painting, it is filled with motions and emotions found in a living being. She seems to be a living woman since she looks as if she is aware of both the viewers and herself. The viewers have not become able to give an exact meaning to her smile. So this painting is still as popular as it was in the beginning of sixteenth century.

  The Wife Beater                                                         Gayle Rosenwald Smith Summary  The Wife Beater is a definition essay. Smith defines the term wife beater and stands against the term for it underestimates women and promotes domestic violence. She refers to the Oxford Dictionary and the World Book Dictionary while defining the phrase wife beater. According to the oxford dictionary, wife beater is 1.      A man who physically abuses his wife 2.     A tank-style underwear shirt For the World Book Dictionary, the term wife-beater originated in the 1970s, from the stereotype of the Midwestern male wearing an undershirt while beating his wif...

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